Targeting Approaches for Effective Therapeutics of Bone Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal contagious disease and is one of the foremost, infectiousdisease and one of leading cause of death in the world. About more than 1 million people die every year because of this disease.

Bone Tuberculosis

The bacteria infects predominantly lungs however it can affect any part of the body. It is been known since ancient times that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is also responsible for affecting bones and joints area. It is also called as tuberculosis osteomyelitis or nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) skeletal infections.These infections generally occur due to restoration and revival of infection when mycobacterial gets harbored in the bone when pulmonary infection spreads and reaches to non-pulmonary site i.e. bones during primary infection by mycobacteria.

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Use of marijuana and cocaine among students in the municipality of Breves,Marajó Archipelago, Brazilian Amazon

The dependence of psychotropic drugs is a great challenge for parents, health professionals,educators, public policy managers, legislators and for the whole community.

Cocaine

The impact on society, the economy and the health of this disorder is immense. In the last decades, drug experimentation has been increasingly precocious, with abuse and dependency; despite the fact that preventive efforts are increasing .An individual’s first experiences with drugs often take place during adolescence. During this phase, the individual is particularly vulnerable from a psychological and social point of view. Thus, it is particularly important to study this age group in detail, especially in relation to frequent and heavy use of legal and illegal drugs and to identify the psychological and sociocultural factors that are associated with such use.

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Marijuana and Health

Worldwide, marijuana is likely the most commonly used “illicit” psychoactive substance. This is certainly the case in the US. The 2015 estimate is that 22.2 million individuals aged 12 or older are current marijuana users (i.e., users in thepast 30 days).

Marijuana

The trend data from the National Survey of Drug and Health (NSDUH) survey indicate a general pattern in increased rates over the past decade or so. Among 12th graders, more students smoke marijuana than tobacco. Marijuana’s popularity far surpasses that of all other illicit substances. In concert with the relatively high prevalence rates of marijuana use, many Americans view it as a low- or no-risk drug and as worthy of being made legal and marijuana policies have been shifting across the country in recent years, with reduced penalties for possession, decriminalization, expanded access for the purpose of treating health conditions, and even full commercial sales in some locations.

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Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Plant and microbial products, in form of natural preservatives have been known since centuries for preservation of fruits, vegetables and milk in the form of bread, yoghurt,beer, wine, vinegar, cheese, pickles and other fermented materials.

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

After the accidental discovery of the antibiotic molecule penicillin in 1929 by Alexander Fleming, the economic importance of microorganisms gained importance and bioprocesses such as fermentation, bioconversion and enzymatic biotransformation for production of various valuable products from microorganisms were explored. These products included antibiotics, amino acids, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, nucleotides, vitamins, organic acids, vaccines and polysaccharides with applications in the field of medicine to improve human health.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Nystatin Vaginal Tablet

Nystatin was discovered in the New York State Health Laboratory is a antimycotic polyene antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces noursei. It is structurally similar toamphotericin B and has the same mechanism of action.

Nystatin Vaginal Tablet

Nystatin is 20-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-oxan-2-yl)oxy-4,22,24,28,29,32,34,36-octahydroxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-26,38-dioxo-1-oxacyclooctatriaconta-6,8,12,14,16,18-hexaene-23-carboxylicacid.Its molecular formula is C47H75NO17. Nystatin is a yellow to light tan powder. It is freely soluble in dimethylformamide, slightly sparingly soluble in methyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol, practically insoluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether and insoluble in water.

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Tablet against Pneumonia?

Tablet against pneumonia does not really exist, and theoretically, it cannot be. However, hopes for the effectiveness of one of the universal remedy remain the main focus of thestrategy and tactics in Acute Pneumonia (AP) for the past several decades.

Pneumonia

Antibiotics are considered such a panacea. Indeed, the discovery of antibiotics has been one of the most outstanding achievements of 20th century medicine. This fact cannot be doubted. Antibiotics remain the main mode of treatment of AP, despite reducing its effectiveness in comparison with the initial period of use. Just the final results of the treatment of AP in children suggest that the time has come to rethink the role and place of antibiotics in General complex medical care. 

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Families that Live with Disorders Related to Substances and Addiction

The study of the importance of the family to understand people’s conflicts and suffering originated with the branch of psychology that focuses on family relations. Starting in the 1960s, the family was definitely includedin clinical practice with the advent of the Family Therapy systemic models (COSTA, 2010).

Drug Addiction

The core premise of this approach is that the family is a living and open system under constant transformation. It is known that changes occur in the family according to the transformations in the society that comprises it. Thus, family composition is often diverse and is liable to have several arrangements. However, despite the transformations in family configurations, its foreground role remains unaltered. The family is the basis of personal development and the matrix of models and references, i.e., the foundation that manages to support its members. It is also the primary source of socialization and bonding. 

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Drug Addiction, Relapse and Recovery

The illegality of drug use has prevented obtaining accurate assessment of the extent of their use and of the adverse effects in individuals and communities. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that approximately 10.2% of the population is involved in illicitdrug use and that among young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years, illicit drug use is as high as 22%.

Drug Addiction

Recently, the increase in deaths from illicit drug overdose, particularly involving heroin, has become alarming. In 2013 alone, almost 44,000 deaths were related to opioid overdose from both prescribed and illegal sources. From 2010 through 2013, the age-adjusted death rate from heroin overdose nearly tripled. Moreover, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimates that there are 2.8 million people with substance use disorders who currently receive coverage from the current Affordable Care Act (ACA).

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Treating Alzheimer’s disease With Flavonoids and Xanthonoids

Development of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is a work in progress. Over the past couple decades, many novel therapeutic agents have been developed and tested. However, not many of them made it to the clinical level. Hence, researchers are constantly in search of newer and better methods that may one day lead to the development of more advanced and effective therapeutic regimes.

Alzheimer’s disease 

One of the most recent methods that may help in screening natural and synthetic compounds is the in silico method of cross docking. A recent study based on the same approach screened flavonoids and xanthonoids and found that luteolin works best against many Alzheimer specific protein targets viz: CDK5/p25.

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An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Tribes in Upper Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Main objective of the study was to identify and document the ethno botanically important and economic plants of the Upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

The Tagin, Hill Miri (now Nyshi) and Galo tribes of Upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh state of India use number of medicinal plants available in local forests as ‘traditional medicine’ for curing common illness.

The ethnobotanical information was collected by field survey among aboriginal community, by study with herbaria and museum, by study of rituals, myths and folkfores and through folk market survey.

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